UC-NRLF 


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EKS  DAY 
EXHIBITION 


MCMXVII 


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CARNEGIE  INSTITUTE 
PITTSBURGH 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

i/i  2007  with  funding  from 

Microsoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofexhibOOcarnrich 


FOUNDER'S  DAY 
EXHIBITION 


SIR  HENRY  RAEBURN,  R.A. 
Lady  Elibank 


CATALOGUE 

OF  AN    EXHIBITION    OF 

EARLY   ENGLISH    PORTRAITS 
AND  LANDSCAPES 

LENT  BY 

MR.  JOHN  H.  McFADDEN 

APRIL  THE   TWENTY-SIXTH 

THROUGH   JUNE   THE    FIFTEENTH 

MCMX  VII 


CARNEGIE    INSTITUTE 

DEPARTMENT   OF    FINE   ARTS 

PITTSBURGH 


A 


Copyright  1917 
^\A^  ^  Carnegie  Institute 


FOREWORD 

THE  richest  period  of  English  art  is  represented 
by  the  paintings  in  this  exhibition  of  Early 
English  Portraits  and  Landscapes,  which  in- 
cludes canvases  by  Hogarth  and  Wilson,  by  Reynolds, 
Gainsborough,  Romney,  and  Raeburn,  by  Lawrence 
and  Hoppner,  and  Constable  and  Turner  —  men  whose 
masterpieces  are  the  glory  of  the  national  collections  of 
art  in  England  and  Scotland,  and  of  many  private 
collections  in  those  countries  as  well.  Indeed,  it  may  be 
said  that  not  only  are  the  works  of  these  great  painters 
the  glory  of  the  national  collections  of  art  in  England 
and  Scotland,  but  they  contribute  to  the  artistic  wealth 
of  the  entire  world,  and  lend  distinction  to  any  collec- 
tion in  which  they  may  appear. 

It  would  doubtless  be  difficult  to  define  just  how 
greatly  the  painters  of  this  period  influenced  each  other 
in  their  work,  but  this  much  is  certain:  the  power  and 
influence  of  a  really  great  work  of  art  is  instant  and 
far-reaching.  The  most  potent  influence  in  the  develop- 
ment of  art  is  art  itself. 

For  instance,  the  influence  of  Constable  upon  modern 
landscape  art  is  fully  recognized  by  the  ablest  landscape 
painters  of  our  time.  His  powerful  works,  painted  with 
great  directness  and  sincerity  and  possessing  as  they 
do  the  essential  qualities  of  truth  and  harmony,  have 
done  much  to  stimulate  and  advance  the  art  of  land- 
scape painting. 

It  is  at  least  interesting  to  note  that  wherever  art 


3C0346 


has  risen  to  a  high  degree  of  perfection  it  has  been 
advanced  by  artists  more  or  less  closely  allied,  and 
that  the  artists  of  great  genius  who  were  born  in  Eng- 
land during  the  eighteenth  century  and  who  worked 
during  the  same  period  and  under  the  same  influences, 
bear  an  interesting  relation  in  this  respect  to  other 
groups  of  artists  of  other  periods  and  of  other  countries. 

The  Greek  sculptors,  Phidias,  Polycletus,  Myron  and 
Calamus,  lived  and  worked  during  the  latter  part  of 
the  fifth  century  B.C.,  the  golden  age  of  Greek  art. 
In  Italy,  in  Florence  and  Venice,  at  the  beginning  of 
the  sixteenth  century,  Michaelangelo,  Raphael,  and 
Titian  were  painting  their  important  frescoes.  And  the 
golden  era  of  Dutch  painting  is  compressed  into  the 
brief  period  between  1625  and  1670,  the  period  of 
Frans  Hals,  Rembrandt,  Pieter  de  Hooch,  Meindert 
Hobbema,  Jacob  van  Ruisdael,  Gerard  Terborch,  and 
Jan  Vermeer.  In  later  times,  the  art  of  France  was 
greatly  advanced  by  two  distinct  groups  of  painters  — 
the  group  of  1830  and  the  modern  impressionists. 

There  is  a  prevalent  impression,  especially  among 
writers,  that  a  few  great  artists  have  been  born  at 
rare  intervals,  but  it  is  very  probable,  if  not  certain, 
that  the  power  and  influence  in  any  one  period  of  two 
or  more  men  of  great  or  exceptional  intellectual  power, 
acting  and  reacting  through  their  art  upon  each  other 
has  been  responsible  for  the  extraordinary  develop- 
ment and  achievement  of  art  at  certain  times  in  the 
history  of  the  world. 

The  English  school  of  painting  first  became  of  inter- 
national importance   during   the   eighteenth   century, 


and  its  highest  achievement  has  been  in  the  field  of 
portraiture  and  landscape.  In  portraiture,  distinction 
and  beauty  of  line  and  form,  and  a  profound  knowledge 
of  the  subtle  quality  of  colour:  in  landscape,  a  tendency 
toward  a  direct  and  simple  representation  of  the  truth 
of  nature:  these  are  characteristics  of  English  art  of  the 
eighteenth  century. 

Thomac  Hogarth  has  been  frequently  referred  to  as 
the  founder  of  the  English  School  because  he  was  the 
first  man  of  great  genius  to  appear.  Born  at  the  very 
end  of  the  seventeenth  century,  in  1697,  he  was  already 
famous  in  London  for  his  paintings  and  engravings  at  a 
time  when  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  Gainsborough,  and 
Romney  were  still  young  boys.  Hogarth's  first  notable 
success  was  a  series  of  six  paintings,  a  moral  story  told 
by  consecutive  scenes  representing  phases  of  London 
life.  In  his  portraits  there  is  a  certain  force  and 
directness,  and  an  unerring  grasp  of  the  character  of 
his  subjects. 

Richard  Wilson,  who  was  seventeen  years  younger 
than  Hogarth,  was  the  earliest  of  the  English  landscape 
painters,  a  pioneer  in  that  field  of  painting  which  has 
since  become  of  great  importance.  His  paintings, 
ignored  and  unappreciated  during  his  lifetime,  are  com- 
ing to  be  more  and  more  valued. 

That  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  Thomas  Gainsborough, 
and  George  Romney,  three  men  of  rare  ability,  all  lived 
and  worked  in  London  during  a  period  of  about  fifteen 
years,  and  yet,  because  of  jealousies  and  misunderstand- 
ings, were  not  even  on  terms  of  cordiality,  seems  an 
extraordinary  fact. 


Reynolds,  the  oldest  of  the  three  men,  was  already  in 
1752,  a  young  man  of  thirty,  established  in  his  studio  in 
London,  and  famous  and  successful  as  a  portrait  painter. 
In  1760  he  moved  into  his  large  house  in  Leicester 
Square;  and  the  same  year  marked  the  beginning  of 
the  success  in  Bath,  of  Thomas  Gainsborough,  who 
was  a  few  years  younger  than  Reynolds.  In  1774 
Gainsborough,  his  reputation  and  success  as  a  portrait 
painter  assured,  moved  to  London  and  took  a  large 
house  in  Pall  Mall.  Cordial  relations  were  never  estab- 
lished between  the  two  men,  although  they  felt  the 
greatest  respect  and  admiration  for  each  other's  art. 
In  1775  George  Romney  went  to  London  from  the 
north  of  England,  where  he  soon  divided  the  patronage 
of  the  great  and  wealthy  with  Reynolds  and  Gains- 
borough. 

Reynolds,  Gainsborough,  and  Romney  have  each 
left  a  series  of  beautiful  and  masterly  portraits.  Their 
canvases  are  a  record  of  the  great  men  and  beautiful 
women  of  their  time.  Gainsborough  painted  not  only 
the  portraits  upon  which  his  reputation  was  made, 
but  landscapes  as  well.  And  while  it  is  as  a  portrait 
painter  that  he  is  most  widely  famed  today,  in  the 
other  field  of  art  his  achievement  is  noteworthy. 

Sir  Henry  Raeburn,  a  Scotchman,  born  near  Edin- 
burgh and  living  there  all  of  his  life,  was  the  greatest 
of  the  Scotch  portrait  painters,  and  one  of  the  greatest 
painters  of  the  English  School.  Raeburn  visited  London 
only  three  times.  On  his  first  visit  he  met  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds,  who  was  very  gracious  to  the  young  man. 
But  living  apart  as  Raeburn  did  from  the  group  of  men 


in  London,  he  was  never  brought  into  close  personal 
association  with  the  other  painters.  Honours  came  to 
him  in  good  measure  and  unsolicited  during  his  life- 
tinie,  and  since  his  death  the  appreciation  and  demand 
for  his  pictures  has  steadily  increased. 

Sir  Thomas  Lawrence  must  also  be  numbered  as  one 
of  the  foremost  of  the  early  English  portrait  painters. 
His  career  is  one  of  unbroken  success.  Before  he  was 
twenty,  we  find  him  well  established  in  London  as  a 
portrait  painter,  and  enjoying  the  patronage  of  nobility 
and  royalty.  One  distinction  after  another  came  to  him, 
and  his  personal  popularity  furthered  his  artistic 
success. 

George  Morland,  the  landscape  painter,  interpreted 
the  life  of  the  English  country-side.  His  intimate  scenes 
of  cottage  life,  of  wayside  taverns,  of  stables  and 
horses,  were  very  popular,  and  the  engraved  reproduc- 
tions which  were  made  from  them  were  as  much  in 
demand  as  the  Hogarth  engravings  had  been  fifty 
years  before. 

John  Crome,  who  was  five  years  younger  than  George 
Morland,  was  also  a  landscape  painter.  He  sought  to 
reproduce  the  beauty  of  nature,  the  truth  of  light  and 
atmosphere,  without  the  introduction  of  anecdote  or 
incident. 

John  Constable  went,  as  did  Crome,  direct  to  nature 
for  his  subjects,  and  strove  to  interpret  through  his  art 
the  beauty  which  he  observed  in  the  fields  and  woods. 
Idealism  in  art  was  contrary  to  Constable's  firmest 
convictions,  and  truth  to  nature  was  the  belief  which  he 
both  practiced  and  preached.  This  tendency  toward  the 


simple  representation  of  the  truth  and  beauty  of  nature 
which  Constable  so  steadfastly  upheld  has  been  an  influ- 
ence which  has  impressed  itself  upon  modern  landscape 
painting.  Even  Claude  Monet,  the  recognized  founder 
of  modern  impressionism,  has  been  inspired  by  the  same 
sincere  desire  to  reproduce  the  profound  truth  of  nature, 
but  with  a  more  scientific  knowledge  of  the  property  of 
light. 

Crome  lived  most  of  his  life  in  Norwich,  his  native 
town,  in  the  East  of  England.  Constable's  early  life  was 
passed  in  the  SufFolk  country,  although  later  he  lived  in 
London  at  Hampstead,  where  he  painted  many  pictures 
of  Hampstead  Heath.  Thus  both  these  men  were 
country-bred  and  were  familiar  from  boyhood  with  the 
aspect  of  nature  which  later  they  painted  with  truth 
and  fidelity. 

Turner,  on  the  other  hand,  was  born  in  London  and 
passed  his  boyhood  there.  Poetic  and  imaginative, 
in  his  art  he  created  idealistic  landscapes,  "golden 
visions,"  Constable  has  called  them.  He  worked  in  his 
studio,  not  in  the  presence  of  nature,  and  his  landscapes 
are  imaginative  compositions,  representing  harmonious 
combinations  of  brilliant  and  beautiful  colors.  They 
have  poetic  feeling  and  dramatic  splendor,  and  are 
works  of  the  highest  merit. 

J.W.B. 


CATALOGUE 


JOHN  CONSTABLE,  R.A. 

Born  at  East  Bergholt,  England,  in  1776.  Died  in  London 
in  18^7.  Student  at  the  Royal  A  cade  my ,  London. 

"In  looking  at  such  faithful  transcripts  of  nature  as  are 
exhibited  in  the  landscapes  of  Constable,  it  would  be 
difficult  to  point  out  any  one  quality  or  excellence  which 
pre-eminently  distinguishes  them;  and  perhaps  it  will  be 
found  that  this  oneness  or  individuality  constitutes 
their  principal  charm." 

Mr.  Purton  on  Constable's  Art 
Leslie's  Memoirs  of  Constable 

"And  of  all  pictures  that  ever  were  painted,  Constable's 
pictures  are  the  most  thoroughly  and  purely  rural.  .  . 
Even  in  his  very  manner  of  work,  so  utterly  original 
that  there  is  no  precedent  for  it  in  any  former  style  of 
painting,  there  was  a  strange  and  profound  harmony 
with  the  rusticity  of  the  painter's  heart." 

Philip  Gilbert  Hamerton,  Portfolio  Papers 

1  The  Lock,  Dedham 

2  The  Dell  at  Helmingham 

3  Hampstead  Heath:  Storm  Coming  Up 


DAVID  COX 

Born   near  Birmingham,   England,   in   178^.   Died  at 
Harborne  Heath  in  18 ^g. 

"With  his  rich,  brilliant,  bold  and  finely  colored  painting, 
David  Cox  stands  out  as  perhaps  the  greatest  of  Con- 
stable's successors.  Like  Constable,  he  was  a  peasant, 
and  observed  nature  with  the  simplicity  of  one  who  was 
country-bred." 

Richard  Muther,  The  History  of  Modern  Art 

4  Going  to  the  Hayfield 

5  Girl  Crossing  a  Rustic  Bridge 

JOHN  CROME,  called  Old  Crome 

Born  at  Norwich,  England,  in  iy68.  Died  at  Norwich  in 
1821, 

"  His  originality,  his  invention,  his  skill,  seem  best  shown 
in  the  light  of  morning  and  evening,  in  the  sweep  of 
hills,  in  the  air  of  the  seacoast,  in  the  sluggish  waters  of 
rivers  and  harbors,  with  sails  and  buildings  against 
golden  skies  and  white  clouds." 

John  C.  Van  Dyke,  Old  English  Masters 

6  Blacksmith's  Shop,  near  Hingham,  Norfolk 

7  Landscape 


JOHN  CONSTABLE,  R.  A. 
The  Lock,  Dedham 


THOMAS  GAINSBOROUGH,  R.A. 

Born  at  Sudbury,  England,  in  1727.  Died  in  London  in 
iy88.  Pupil  of  Gravelot,  St.  Martinis  Lane  Academy,  and 
Frank  Hay  man.  Was  one  of  thirty-six  original  members 
of  the  Royal  Academy. 

Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  observes  of  him:  'Whether  he 
most  excelled  in  portraits,  landscapes,  or  fancy  pic- 
tures, it  is  difficult  to  determine,"  and  Ruskin  calls 
him  "the  purist  colourist  of  the  English  School." 

*■  *If  ever  this  nation  should  produce  a  genius  sufficient  to 
acquire  to  us  the  honourable  distinction  of  an  English 
School,  the  name  of  Gainsborough  will  be  transmitted 
to  posterity,  in  this  history  of  the  art,  among  the  very 
first  of  that  rising  name.*  This  was  the  opinion  express- 
ed by  the  President  of  the  Royal  Academy  (Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds)  within  a  few  months  of  the  death  of  his  great 
brother-artist;  and  now,  nearly  a  century  later,  the 
splendid    genius   which    marked    Gainsborough    as    a 

worthy  compeer  of  Hogarth,  Wilson  and  Reynolds 

is  still  pointed  at  with  pride  by  those  who  believe  in  the 
existence  of  Native  art." 

George  Brock-Arnold,  Gainsborough 

"The  landscape  of  Gainsborough  is  soothing,  tender,  and 
affecting.  The  stillness  of  noon,  the  depths  of  twilight, 
and  the  dews  and  pearls  of  the  morning,  are  all  to  be 
found  on  the  canvases  of  this  most  benevolent  and  kind- 
hearted  man.  On  looking  at  them,  we  find  tears  in  our 
eyes,  and  know  not  what  brings  them.  The  lonely 
haunts  of  the  solitary  shepherd,  the  return  of  the  rustic 
with  his  bill  and  bundle  of  wood,  —  the  darksome  lane 
or  dell,  —  the  sweet  little  cottage  girl  at  the  spring  with 


her  pitcher,  —  were  the  things  he  delighted  to  paint, 
and  which  he  painted  with  exquisite  refinement,  yet  not 
a  refinement  beyond  nature." 

John  Constable  in  a  lecture  at  the  Royal 
.  Institution  of  Great  Britain  in  1836 

8  Lady  Rodney 

Anne,  daughter  of  the  Hon-.  Thomas  Harley:  married 
in  1781  George,  second  Lord  Rodney;  died  in  1840. 

9  Landscape 


SIR  JOHN  WATSON  GORDON,  P.R.S.A. 

Born  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  in  1790.  Died  at  Edinburgh 
in  1864.  Was  elected  associate  member  of  the  Royal  Acad- 
emy in  1841  and  to  full  membership  in  18 §1.  Was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Royal  Scottish  Academy  and  became  its 
president  in  18 §0,  the  year  he  was  knighted. 

"In  many  ways  Sir  John  Watson  Gordon's  art  is  worthy 
to  be  placed  beside  that  of  Sir  Henry  Raeburn.  Less 
gifted  as  a  craftsman,  and  less  certain  in  draughtsman- 
ship, there  is  yet  in  all  his  work  such  strength  and  charm 
of  presentment,  such  lovely  colour,  so  great  an  apprecia- 
tion of  the  national  character,  that  it  falls  little  short  of 
his  illustrious  predecessor's." 

Blackwood's  Magazine^  1895 

10  Sir  Walter  Scott 

The  novelist  and  poet;  born  in  1771;  died  in  1832. 


THOMAS  GAINSBOROUGH,  R.A. 
Lady  Rodney 


GEORGE  HENRY  HARLOW 

Born  in  London  in  lySy.  Died  there  in  1819.  Pupil  of 
Hendrick  de  Cort,  Samuel  Drummond  and  Sir  Thomas 
Lawrence. 

11  The  Misses  Temple 

12  The  Temple  Leader  Family 

13  Mrs.  Weddell  and  Children 


WILLIAM  HOGARTH 

Born  in  London  in  i6g'j.  Died  in  London  in  1764. 

"  He  was  the  first  of  English  genre  painters,  and  though 
a  century  and  a  half  has  passed  since  his  practice,  he 
remains  the  greatest.  For  myself  I  hardly  know  where 
I  may  light  upon  another  instance  anywhere  in  which 
an  endless  fertility  and  ingenuity  of  invention  has  been 
allied  with  technical  powers  of  execution  so  sane  and 
so  unerring  —  in  which  gifts  of  the  dramatic  are  joined 
so  completely  to  those  of  the  pure  painter." 

Frederick  WedmorCy  Masters  of  Genre  Painting 

" without  a  school,  and  without  a  precedent, 

he  has  found  a  way  of  expressing  what  he  sees 

with  the  clearest  simplicity,  richness,  and  directness.*' 

Sidney  Colvin,  Portfolio 

14  A  Conversation  at  Wanstead  House 

The  residence  of  Sir  Richard  Child,  afterwards  Vis- 
count Castlemaine  and  Earl  Tylney. 


15  The  Fountaine  Family 

Sir  Andrew  Fountaine  (1676-175 3)  the  famous  col- 
lector, with  his  sister  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Colonel  Ed- 
ward Clent,  their  daughter  and  her  husband  Captain 
W.  Price,  and  the  auctioneer  Christopher  Cock. 


JOHN  HOPPNER,  R.A. 

Born  in  Whitechapel,  London,  in  1758.  Died  in  London 
in  18 10.  Student  at  the  Royal  Academy. 

"Hoppner  was  the  gifted  and  intelligent  heir  of  a  distin- 
guished tradition;  he  had  an  innate  sympathy  with  fresh, 
innocent  youth,  so  that  when  his  sitters  were  in  accord 
with  his  own  temperament  he  could  produce  a  picture 
which  was  not  only  fit  in  point  of  external  attractiveness 
to  hold  its  own  in  the  company  of  the  masterpieces  of  his 
age,  but  possessed  also  a  virginal  grace  and  beauty  char- 
acteristic of  the  man's  temper.'* 

Campbell  Dodgson,  Burlington  Magazine,  1909 

16  Mrs.  Hoppner 

Phoebe,  daughter  of  Mrs.  P.  Wright,  the  American 
modeller  in  wax;  married  in  178 1,  John  Hoppner  the 
artist;  died  in  1827. 


SIR  THOMAS  LAWRENCE,  P.R.A. 

Born  at  Bristol  in  1769.  Died  in  London  in  18^0.  Student 
at  the  Royal  Academy.  Elected  associate  member  of  the 


Royal  Academy  in  1793^  and  to  full  membership  in  1794* 
Knighted  in  18 ij  by  George  IF,  and  elected  president  of 
the  Royal  Academy  in  1820, 

"One  age  of  the  great  men  and  the  courtly  beauties  of 
England,  will  live  to  posterity  on  the  canvas  of  Rey- 
nolds. Another  will  do  so  on  that  of  Lawrence." 

Allan  Cunningham,  The  Lives  of  the 
Most  Eminent  British  Painters 

"He  had  a  remarkable  gift  of  producing  likenesses  at  once 
striking  and  favorable,  and  of  always  seizing  the  finest 
expression  of  which  a  face  was  capable;  and  none  could 
ever  claim  that  Lawrence  had  not  done  justice  to  the 
very  best  look  they  ever  wore." 

Fanny  Kemble  on  Lawrence, 

Lord  Ronald  Sutherland  Gower,  F.S.A., 

Sir  Thomas  Lawrence 

17  Miss  West 


JOHN  LINNELL 

Born  in  London  in  1792,  Died  at  Redhill  in  1882,  Student 
at  the  Royal  Academy  and  a  pupil  of  John  Farley, 

"John  Linnell  carried  the  traditions  of  the  great  era  on  to 
the  new  period:  at  first  revelling  in  golden  light,  in  sun- 
sets and  rosy  clouds  of  dusk,  and  at  a  later  time,  in  the 
manner  of  the  Pre-Raphaelites,  bent  on  the  precise  exe- 
cution of  bodily  form." 

Richard  Muther,  The  History  of  Modem  Painting 

"He  has  a  very  genuine  passion  for  nature,  a  sense  for 
large  and  dramatic  effects." 

The  Spectator,  1892 

18  The  Storm 


GEORGE  MORLAND 

Born  in  the  Haymarket,  London,  in  iy6j.  Died  in  London 
in  1804. 

"  He  was  perhaps  the  most  important  master  of  the  brush 
that  the  EngHsh  school  produced  at  all.  His  pictures 
have  the  same  magic  as  the  landscapes  of  Gainsborough." 
Richard  Muther,  The  History  of  Modern  A  rt 

"No  picture  of  Morland's  worth  noticing  is  without  its 
unique  charm  of  tone  and  atmosphere:  his  greatest 
achievements  are  masterpieces  of  drawing  and  model- 
ling as  well,  of  largeness  of  thought  and  grasp  of  con- 
ception." /.  T.  Nettleship,  George  Morland 

19  The  Cottager's  Family 

20  The  Fruits  of  Early  Industry  and  Economy 


SIR  HENRY  RAEBURN,  R.A. 

Born  at  Stockbridge,  Scotland,  in  lys^-  Died  near  there  in 
182J.  Elected  an  associate  member  of  the  Royal  Academy 
in  j8i2  and  a  full  member  in  181^.  In  1822,  when  King 
George  IF  visited  Scotland,  he  was  knighted,  and  the  next 
year  he  was  appointed  His  Majesty* s  Limner  for  Scotland, 

"The  two  painters  with  whom  one  is  inevitably  tempted 
to  compare  Raeburn  are  Hals  and  Velazquez." 

Sir  Walter  Armstrong,  Sir  Henry  Raeburn 


SIR  JOSHUA  REYNOLDS,  P.R.A. 
Master  Bunbury 


"Few  painters  anywhere  have  balanced  the  claims  of 
pictorial  interest,  technique,  and  characterization  so 
justly  as  he.  His  portraiture  takes  high  rank,  not  only 
in  the  work  of  the  British  school,  but  amongst  the 
finest  achievements  in  a  difiicult  and  fascinating  art.** 
James  L.  Caw,  Scottish  Painting, 
Past  and  Present.  i620'jgo8 

" He  was  a  born  painter  of  portraits.  He  looked 

people  shrewdly  between  the  eyes,  surprised  their  man- 
ners in  their  face,  and  had  possessed  himself  of  what  was 
essential  in  their  character  before  they  had  been  many 
minutes  in  his  studio.  What  he  was  so  swift  to  perceive, 
he  conveyed  to  the  canvas  almost  in  the  moment  of 
conception." 

Robert  Louis  Stevenson,  Virginibus  Puerisgue 

21  Lady  Belhaven 

Penelope  Macdonald  of  Clanranald;  wife  of  the 
seventh  Baron  of  Belhaven;  died  in  1816. 

22  Master  Thomas  Bisland 

Afterwards  entered  the  Church  and  became  Rector 
of  Hartley  Mandit. 

23  Master  John  Campbell  of  Saddell 

24  Colonel  Charles  Christie 

25  Lady  Elibank 

26  Mr.  Laurie  of  Woodlea 

27  Sir  Alexander  Shaw 

28  Portrait  of  a  Gentleman  in  Green  Coat 


SIR  JOSHUA  REYNOLDS,  P.R.A. 

Born  at  Plympton,  England,  in  172^.  Died  in  London  in 
1792.  Pupil  of  Thomas  Hudson  in  London.  In  1768,  on 
the  establishment  of  the  Royal  Academy,  he  was  chosen  its 
first  president,  and  was  knighted  by  George  IF.  In  1784. 
he  became  Principal  Painter  in  Ordinary  to  the  King. 

"The  link  that  united  him  to  Michael  Angelo  was  the 
sense  of  ideal  greatness  —  the  noblest  of  all  perceptions. 
It  is  this  sublimity  of  thought  that  marks  the  first-rate 
genius;  this  impelling  fancy,  which  has  nowhere  its 
defined  form,  yet  everywhere  its  image;  and  while  pur- 
suing excellence  too  perfect  to  be  attained,  creates  new 
beauty  that  cannot  be  surpassed!" 

Sir  Thomas  Lawrence  in  an  address 
to  the  students  of  the  Royal  Academy 

"  Romney,  when  some  of  his  friends  thought  to  please 
him  by  disparaging  Reynolds,  said,  *No,  No,  he  is  the 
greatest  painter  that  ever  lived,  for  I  see  an  exquisite 
beauty  in  his  pictures  which  I  see  in  nature,  but  not  in 
the  works  of  any  other  painter.'  " 

Leslie's  Memoirs  of  Constable 

"Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  was,  on  very  many  accounts,  one 
of  the  most  memorable  men  of  his  time.  He  was  the  first 
Englishman  who  added  the  praise  of  the  elegant  arts  to 
the  other  glories  of  his  country.  In  taste,  in  grace,  in 
facility,  in  happy  invention,  and  in  the  richness  and 
harmony  of  colouring,  he  was  equal  to  the  great  masters 

of  the  renowned  ages He  possessed  the  theory  as 

perfectly  as  the  practice  of  his  art.  To  be  such  a  painter, 
he  was  a  profound  and  penetrating  philosopher." 

Edmund  Burke's  Obituary,  Leslie's  Life  of 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds 


GEORGE  ROMNEY 
Miss  Finch 


29  Master  Bunbury 

Charles  John,  son  of  Henry  W.  Bunbury  and  Cath- 
erine(  Goldsmith's  "  Little  Comedy")  Homeck ;  bom 
in  1772;  entered  the  army  and  died  in  1798. 

30  Edmund  Burke 

The  great  orator  and  author;  bom  in  1730;  died  in  \ 

1797;  an  intimate  friend  of  the  artist.  i 

;i 

GEORGE  ROMNEY  i 

Born  at  Dalton-in-Furness,  Lancashire,  England,  in  1734- 

Died  at  Kendal,  England,  in  1802.   Studied  with  the  I 

painter  Steele,  at  Kendal.  Never  exhibited  at  the  Royal                 "*  \ 

Academy  and  therefore  was  not  elected  a  member  of  that  ■ 

institution.  * 

"As  an  artist  Romney  ranks  among  the  greatest  of  our  1 
painters,  both  as  a  portraitist  and  painter  of  imaginary 

subjects,  and  his  fame  will  endure  as  long  as  the  charm-  J 

ing  creations  of  his  brush  last."  [ 

Lord  Ronald  Sutherland  Cower,  F.SA .,  \ 

Romney  and  Lawrence  \ 

"George  Romney  holds  the  mean  course  between  the  \ 

refined,  classic  art  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  and  the  im-                                    ^  \ 

aginative,  poetic  art  of  Thomas  Gainsborough."  1 

Richard  Muther,  The  History  of  Modem  Painting  j 

3 1  Mrs.  Dorothy  Champion  Crespigny  ■ 

Daughter  of  R.  Scott;  married  in  1783  P.C.  de  Cres-  ; 
pigny;  died  in  1837. 


32  Mrs.  Crouch 

Mary  Ann  Phillips,  the  actress;  born  in  1763;  mar- 
ried Mr.  Crouch,  a  naval  officer;  died  in  1805. 

33  Miss  Finch 

34  Lady  Grantham 

Mary  Jemima,  daughter  of  Philip,  second  Earl  of 
Hardwicke;  born  1757,  married  in  1780  Thomas, 
Baron  Grantham;  died  in  1830. 

35  Head  of  Lady  Hamilton 

Romney's  famous  model,  Emma  Hart;  born  about 
1761;  married  Sir  William  Hamilton  in  1791;  died 
in  1815. 

36  Mrs.  Tickell 

Miss  Ley,  daughter  of  a  naval  officer;  married  first 
in  1789,  Richard  Tickell,  and  secondly  in  1796,  J.  C. 
Worth  ington. 

37  John  Wesley 

The  founder  of  Methodism;  bom  in  1703;  educated 
at  Christ-church,  Oxford;  visited  America  in  1735- 
37;  died  in  1791. 

38  Little  Bo -Peep 


JAMES  STARK 

Born  at  Norwich^  England,  in  1794.  Died  in  London  in 
i8^Q.  Pupil  of  John  Crome  and  later  a  student  at  the  Royal 
Academy, 

39  Cattle  in  a  Dell 


GEORGE  STUBBS,  A.R.A. 

Born  at  Liverpool  in  1724.  Died  in  London  in  1806,  In 
1773,  was  elected  President  of  the  Society  of  Artists,  In 
1780,  he  was  elected  an  associate  member  of  the  Royal 
Academy.  In  1781,  was  elected  to  full  membership  in 
the  Academy,  but  refused  to  comply  with  the  conditions 
of  membership,  and  so  the  Academy  rescinded  the  election. 

"There  have  been  many  painters  of  horses  since  but  none 
so  true  and  powerful  as  he." 

E.  F.  Lucas,  British  Pictures  and  their  Painters 

40  Landscape  with  Figures 


JOSEPH  MALLORD  WILLIAM  TURNER,  R.A. 

Born  in  London  in  1775.  Died  there  in  18^1.  In  1787, 
entered  the  school  of  the  Royal  Academy,  and  for  a  short 
time  worked  with  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds.  Elected  an  associ- 
ate member  of  the  Royal  Academy  in  1799  and  to  full 
membership  in  1802. 


"To  colour  perfectly  is  the  rarest  and  most  precious 
(technical)  power  an  artist  can  possess.  There  have  been 
only  seven  supreme  colourlsts  among  the  true  painters 
whose  works  exist:  (namely,  Giorgiona,  Titian,  Veronese, 
Tintoretto,  Correggio,  Reynolds,  and  Turner)." 

John  Ruskin,  Modern  Painters 

" the  tendency  toward  brilliancy  of  light  and 

colour  became  the  most  marked  feature  of  his  style;  and 
disregarding  individuaHty  of  form  or  local  colour,  he 
made  light  with  all  its  prismatic  varieties  the  sole  object 
of  his  studies." 

Cosmo  Monkhouset  J.  M.  W.  Turner 

41  The  Burning  of  the  Houses  of  Parliament 


WILLIAM  WILLIAMS 

42  Courtship 

43  Matrimony 

RICHARD  WILSON,  R.A. 

Born  at  Pinegas,  Montgomeryshire,  England,  in  jyi^. 
Died  at  Llanberisy  North  Wales,  in  1782.  Was  one  of  the 
foundation  members  of  the  Royal  Academy. 

"To  Wilson,  who  was  ten  years  the  senior  of  Reynolds, 
may  justly  be  given  the  praise  of  opening  the  way  to  the 
genuine  principles  of  Landscape  in  England;  he  appear- 
ed at  a  time  when  this  art,  not  only  here,  but  on  the 
Continent,  was  altogether  in  the  hands  of  the  manner- 
ists." John  Constable  in  his  Fourth  Lecture 
at  the  Royal  Institution  in  1836 

44  Westminster  Bridge,  London,  1745 


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